固溶时效对QAl9-4-3铝青铜组织和性能的影响Effect of solution and aging treatment on microstructure and properties of QAl9-4-3 aluminum bronze

采用SEM、XRD、EDS、TEM、室温拉伸测试、硬度测试、摩擦学性能测试等分析手段，研究时效温度和固溶温度对自行研制的QAl9-4-3铝青铜组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明，随着时效温度的降低或固溶温度的升高，原β硬相区的马氏体特征越来越明显；固溶温度的升高还使β硬相区的面积率增大，使合金的抗拉强度和硬度增大，但降低了伸长率。获得的最佳固溶时效工艺为：(910 ℃, 3 h)固溶后水淬+(480 ℃, 1 h)时效后空冷。该状态下，合金中原β硬相区的显微硬度为270HV，其与α软相的面积比为71:29，使合金具有较好的强韧性配合，抗拉强度为887 MPa，硬度为253HBS，伸长率为7.3%，前两种性能分别较其挤压态合金的提高了22%和33%；其摩擦因数仅略高于挤压态合金的，但磨损率较挤压态合金的降低了27%，表现出较好的耐磨性能。

The effects of solution and aging treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties of QAl9-4-3 aluminum bronze were investigated by SEM, XRD, EDS, TEM, tensile tests, wear tests, micro-hardness and macro-hardness tests. The results show that with the decrease of aging temperature or the increase of solution temperature, the martensite characteristics of the original β hard region becomes more obviously. The increase of solution temperature also results a higher area rate of the β hard region. Such structural characteristics lead to the increases of tensile strength and hardness, and the decrease of elongation. The best process of solution and aging is as follows: solution at 910 ℃ for 3 h，and then aging at 480 ℃ for 1 h. Under this condition, the micro-hardness of the original β region is 270HV，and the area rate of β to α is 71:29, making the obdurability of the alloy preferable: tensile strength of 887 MPa, hardness of 253HBS and elongation of 7.3%. The two former properties are 22% and 33% higher than those of the extruded alloy. The friction coefficient is slightly higher than that of the extruded alloy, but the wear rate is 27% lower than that of the extruded alloy, showing good tribology performance.

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